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The
editions of Wharton's and Crane's work we are using in class are
considered "cultural editions" by most publishers because
they include not only the primary texts of the writers' work but
also selected other writings by Wharton or Crane; contemporary criticism
positioning their work within specific political, cultural, or intellectual
contexts; and criticism or other documents from the late 19th-century
that help readers understand the culture out of which the texts
were created.
For
your final project, you will create an anthology devoted to developing
the cultural contexts of work by any three writers we have discussed
in class this quarter. The final, hypothetical manuscript will include
both primary texts -- a selection of relevant works by the
authors, and 6-8 secondary documents -- additional materials
that will help further readers' understandings of the context from
which the writing was created (material from the late 19th-century)
and the context in which it is read today (contemporary perspectives
on the texts).
A
few words of caution: The anthology you create should not attempt
to encompass every aspect of the contemporary criticism nor of the
culture out of which the writing emerged. Instead, you should choose
a specific focus (or two) for approaching the work of all three
writers included in the anthology For example, you might:
| address
the racial context of work by Mark Twain, W.E.B. DuBois, and
W.D. Griffith; OR |
| focus
on class issues in work by Stephen Crane, Henry James, and Kate
Chopin; OR |
| tackle
the immigrant experience in work by Charlie Chaplin, Abraham
Cahan and Stephen Crane. |
Your
final project should include:
| a
title page for the anthology |
| a
table of contents (titles of primary and secondary works &
authors included in the anthology) |
| an
introduction developing the focus of the anthology and its relevance
to contemporary considerations of the work included in it (8-12
doublespaced pages) |
| copies
of the material to be included in the anthology (you need not
include copies of assigned readings) |
| brief
(2-3 doublespaced pages) introductions to each primary writer's
section positioning them within the anthology's contextual focus |
| briefer
(a decent paragraph or two) introductions to each of the 6-8
secondary document you include, positioning them within the
anthology's contextual focus |
| on
the last page of your manuscript, include your real name |
For
a more thorough explanation of each of these elements, please see
Writing
It further down on this web page.
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Final
projects should be submitted in a paper folder (no 3-ring binders
or plastic sleeves, please) and should be typed, double-spaced.
Photocopies of material (illustrations and text) to be included
in the anthology should be as clear as possible. Material accessed
online should be free of excessive marginalia ... try to cut and
paste text to Word or capture images and paste them into Word
to eliminate ads, links, etc. from the edges of the page. Illustrations
should be reproduced as clearly as possible without running yourself
broke.
You
may also choose to create your anthology on a website or CD-ROM
if you already have the skills and resources to do so. This would
save you from photocopying and would provide higher-quality illustrations.
Should you choose to go this route, understand that you must create
every page of the website (or file of the CD-ROM) yourself instead
of providing a collection of links to other websites. Websites
must be fully accessible by the final deadline for projects, no
exceptions. Your grade will not be positively or adversely
affected by your choosing to submit your final project in electronic
format.
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Choosing
Texts and Authors
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A
few more guidelines to be aware of on this front:
Choose
authors and work that truly interest you. This type of research
can actually turn into an exciting adventure in research for you,
if you are interested in the work you are doing. When I was an undergrad,
I thought I'd never have a favorite research project, but I was
proven wrong at the end of my first year of graduate work when I
had the opportunity to write a critical paper on the representation
of 1950s American women as artists in Jack Kerouac's Visions
of Cody and Robert Frank's The Americans (a project in
photography). While this may or may not sounds like an "exciting
adventure in research" to you, I was quickly captivated by
my topic and actually looked forward to the hours I'd scheduled
for research each day ... (and it paid off academically,
as well: I was the only person in the class to get an A on my paper,
virtually unheard of for a first-year MA student in this prof's
class).
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Here
are some questions for you to consider as you begin to sort through
topics:
- How
was the text or writer's work received at its original publication?
Why?
- Why
do critics appreciate it now?
- What
types of Americans does the text seem focused on? What does
it say about them? What was actually happening with this segment
of the population in 19th-century America? What were they doing?
Why did they do it? Where did they stand in the big picture
of American society?
- In
what intellectual tradition is the text (or writer's work) working
or revising? Is the text or writer part (or a forerunner) of
a larger artistic movement? Who were the writer's contemporaries?
What sorts of effects did they (the writer's contemporaries)
have on the writer's work?
- What
had to have happened or existed for this text to emerge, or
for us to be reading it now?
You
might find answers to some of these questions by checking out:
| the
links provided on the Helpful
Links page of this website, |
| critical
biographies of and collections of letters by the writers (especially
ones with an index at the back, so that you can find the info
you need easily) |
|
the MLA
bibliography for critical articles about the texts |
|
the history of the specific focus of your anthology (race
relations, women's status, immigration experience, class structure,
etc.) |
| the
annotated bibliographies from other students' presentations
(distributed in class as we get them ...) |
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The
title page for your anthology should include, of course, the
title (hopefully one that is more informative, interesting, and
specific than "American Literature Final Project"). Remember
that you are an editor in this situation, not an author, and please
use a pseudonym for yourself here. You'll include your real name
on the last page of the manuscript.
Your
table of contents should include all material that would
be included in the anthology, even though you need not actually
reproduce the primary texts that we have discussed in class.
Your
introduction should develop the specific focus of the collection
... the aspect of the cultural context you are focusing on. You'll
want to
- emphasize
the ways in which this focus is relevant to our contemporary understandings
of the texts ... in what ways do they complicate our interpretations
and reading experiences? in what ways do they clarify the reception
of the texts when they were published?
- Explain
the ways in which (and for what reasons) this specific focus is
so important to you as a scholar, and to our considerations of
America and its literature in the late 19th- and early 20th- centuries.
- Explain
the ways the primary authors you've chosen to include work together
to develop a dialogue about the issue at hand ... how do each
of them expose a different aspect of the issue (assuming they
do)? what different responses to the issue do they offer?
- Include
brief synopses of the 6-8 secondary documents included in the
anthology and the ways in which they fit into the framework you've
established for the collection.
- A
Works Cited page in correct
MLA format.
You
must provide the clearest copies possible of all material included
in your anthology which we have not read in class. Remember that
you may use documents/criticism from the Wharton and Crane cultural
editions, but you must also bring in supplemental materials you
have found during your research.
Introductions
to each primary author included in the anthology should address
the author's interest in, experience with, and reaction to the aspect
of their contemporary culture of interest in the anthology. You
may include relevant biographical info on the writers, refer
to work not included in your anthology which also addresses this
focus, include photos of the authors, if you wish. Consider this
introduction as a justification for why this specific work by this
specific author is included in the anthology.
Introductions
to 6-8 secondary documents should be explain the significance
of the documents to the specific focus of your anthology. If necessary,
you shold also provide any background information that is necessary
for readers to understand the documents' significance. In most cases,
these introductions should be limited to a paragraph.
The
final page of your project should include your real name.
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Here
are, obviously, a few more sample topics. Feel free to tackle any
of these or others that you come up with on your own.
|
Focus
of Anthology
|
Primary
Writers
|
| protest
& rebellion |
DuBois,
Washington, Twain, Chopin, Gilman, Dunbar, Eastman, Freeman,
Charlot, Birth of a Nation |
| freedom
or confinement |
Dickinson,
Whitman, Twain, James, Jacobs, Gilman, Chopin, Freeman, Washington,
DuBois, Zitkala-Sa, Crane |
| mental
illness |
Gilman,
Chopin, Woolson, Freeman, Dickinson, Birth of a Nation |
| feminine
experience |
Gilman,
Chopin, Woolson, Freeman, Dickinson, Jacobs, Zitkala-Sa, James,
Wharton, Birth of a Nation |
| masculine
experience |
Twain,
Whitman, Chesnutt, DuBois, Washington, Eastman, Cahan, Crane,
Birth of a Nation |
| African-American
experience |
Washington,
DuBois, Twain, Dunbar, Jacobs, Chesnutt |
| romantic
relationships |
Twain,
Chopin, Freeman, Eastman, Birth of a Nation, Crane, Wharton,
James, The Immigrant |
| "mulatto"/"halfbreed"
experience |
Chesnutt,
Birth of a Nation, Eastman, DuBois, Washington |
| war
|
Twain,
Crane, Birth of a Nation, Whitman, Eastman |
| immigrant
experience |
Cahan,
Crane, The Immigrant |
| class/society |
James,
Twain, Crane, Cahan, DuBois, Washington, Chesnutt, Woolson,
Gilman, Chopin, Wharton, The Immigrant |
| the
publishing industry |
Woolson,
Twain, Whitman, Dickinson (these last three might emphasize
the writer's approaches to coordinating their own careers, as
opposed to work by them about the publishing industry ... if
this is confusing, and you might be interested, ask me) |
| religion |
Twain,
Chopin, Eastman, Whitman, Dickinson |
| the
seeds of modernity |
any
of the readings ... you'd focus on the ways these writers' works
were precursors to the Modernist movement (ideal for students
who have already taken ENG 323) |
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